Pediatric Mandibular Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Maxillary Recurrence: A Case Highlighting Multidisciplinary Management

Abstract

Histiocytosis X used to be a common name for a diverse group of rare clinicopathologic conditions. Histologic analysis shows these conditions have histiocyte-like cells and different amounts of eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and multinucleated giant cells. The histiocytic cells in these lesions are Langerhans cells, so the disease is now called Langerhans cell histiocytosis. This report describes a four-year-old girl who was previously healthy. She was taken to the hospital with a nonhealing ulcer on her mandible. A distinct lytic lesion on her jaw was discovered by radiographic examination. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are used to confirm the disease. At first, curettage was the only procedure carried out. Two months later, the disease returned in the maxilla, necessitating a second operation and systemic chemotherapy. The patient had no negative side effects from taking the medication as directed. Six months after surgery, imaging and clinical evaluations showed total remission. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, careful follow-up, and teamwork in treating pediatric LCH with jaw involvement.